Vaccine inequality: Wealthy nations have had vaccination options after AstraZeneca and J&J faced reports of clots. Others may not have that luxury

This is not only because developed countries, such as those in Western Europe, had purchased a large number of AstraZeneca doses to get out of the pandemic, but also because much of the developing world is base on this vaccine do the same.

The double whammy is that an image appears that shows that the AstraZeneca vaccine – which seems to have caused a very rare, sometimes fatal, severe coagulation condition with low blood platelet counts – can affect younger adults than the elderly. Developing countries generally have significantly younger populations than their richer counterparts.

A link between the rare blood clots and the J&J vaccine has not been officially confirmed, but US officials want to discontinue it and use alternative photos as they realize if there really is a link and if so, how much. widespread could be. Europe is waiting to see what an investigation uncovers.

But much of the developing world does not have that luxury. New types of vaccines based on mRNA technology – such as the widely used Pfizer / BioNTech and Moderna vaccines in the US – are usually three to four times more expensive than the non-profit AstraZeneca vaccine. or J&J vaccine, as the vaccine requires a single dose. However, Pfizer is offering these vaccines at lower prices to the African Union, Reuters reports.

Many developing countries have to wait longer than richer countries to receive these vaccines. In the earlier stages of their development, mRNA vaccines had to be kept at such low temperatures, most developing countries could not use them without purchasing new and expensive equipment to store them. These requirements are improving – the Pfizer vaccine can now be stored at normal temperatures in the freezer when transported – but the storage challenge months ago meant that most developing countries focused on photos like AstraZeneca and J&J when have concluded purchase agreements with pharmaceutical companies.

Dr Peter Drobac, director of the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford Saïd Business School, said that despite the rarity of blood clots in both AstraZeneca vaccines and Johnson & Johnson vaccines, any side effects could aggravate the vaccine’s hesitation. and even misinformation.

“It can fuel conspiracy theories around the world about a two-tier society. If rich countries say they will have the ‘gold standard’ with only the most expensive vaccines and then say that AstraZeneca is not good enough for us in the global north “But it’s good enough for the global south, it could reduce the absorption of the vaccine and hinder the world’s vaccination efforts,” he told CNN.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Africa (CDC) says it has no plans to advise against launching or purchasing photos, saying cases are too rare to change course now.

“For Covid-19 vaccines, the benefits outweigh the potential side effects,” Benjamin Djoudalbaye, head of policy, health diplomacy and communications at Africa CDC, told CNN on Monday.

But the picture is more nuanced than that. The United Kingdom has data suggesting that, although the benefits outweigh the risks as a whole, they do not necessarily do so for every age group, under any circumstances.

Last week, its drug regulator recommended that people under the age of 30 be given alternative vaccines, arguing that people in that age group are more likely to suffer serious injuries from the AstraZeneca vaccine than they could avoid. very serious illness. This is only in a situation where the exposure to the virus is low. Any return to “normal” will increase the exposure. Other European countries and Australia have limited the use of the vaccine to older age groups.

Denmark is so advanced in its vaccination program that it announced on Wednesday that it will completely drop the AstraZeneca shot from its inoculation program. She just doesn’t need it, having enough other vaccines to rely on.
The United States could have an additional 300 million vaccines.  Why won't you share?
The picture is very different in Africa. The continent lags behind the rest of the world in vaccinating its populations and relies largely on COVAX – a vaccine-sharing system that helps developing economies access doses – for low or free doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
But COVAX’s next line of defense was J&J’s shot. Its goal was to procure 500 million doses of J&J by next year, as part of its effort to provide a vaccine to 20% of people in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO-backed scheme hopes to provide 600 million photos to Africa by the end of the year.

To date, COVAX has delivered 17.4 million Covid-19 vaccines to 36 African countries, including more than 17 million AstraZeneca photos manufactured by India’s Serum Institute and about 200,000 doses of Pfizer vaccine, according to figures released Wednesday by CNN. by WHO officials.

The WHO says Africa accounts for less than 2% of the world’s vaccines, and many African nations are rapidly depleting.

The magnitude of the risk of these rare blood clotting events after vaccination with AstraZeneca and potentially J&J vaccines is still unclear, but if it is confirmed that younger people are more likely to experience them, it means that the developing world and younger populations they want to be more vulnerable to clots, even if they are less vulnerable to Covid-19 at first.

About three-quarters of Africa’s population is under the age of 35, according to UN data, and the median age is just under 20, which is less than half the median age in Europe at 42. In the US, it is about 38. Only 6% of Africans are over 60 years old.

Meanwhile, countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom continue their vaccination programs and share very few doses with other countries in need.

The US has shared a small number of the AstraZeneca vaccine, which has not yet been approved there, with neighboring Mexico and Canada, but says it will not share more until its own supplies are secure. A report from Duke University on Thursday estimates that the United States could have 300 million overdoses by the end of July.

“Equitable access to vaccines must be a reality if we are to work together against this pandemic,” WHO Regional Director for Africa Matshidiso Moeti said in a statement last week.

A Nigerian doctor and public health consultant, Kingsley Douglas, said that the “protectionist” tendencies of the developed world act against a positive overall result.

“Western countries look for their citizens first before they look elsewhere. I don’t mind them being protectionist in their approach,” Douglas told CNN. “However, it is in everyone’s interest that the critical mass of the world’s population be vaccinated and protected against Covid. Vaccines should be distributed evenly and fairly.”

A health worker receives a Sinopharm vaccine in Yaounde, Cameroon, on April 12.
Despite the African CDC’s advice to continue with all Covid-19 approved vaccines, South Africa – the only African Union country to administer J&J doses – has announced a temporary suspension of the shooting. It has already suspended the launch of the AstraZeneca vaccine two months earlier, not because of blood clot problems, but because its effectiveness against a new variant first identified in South Africa has proven to be low.
Some African nations have begun supplying other global donors with the Covid-19 vaccine. On Sunday, Cameroon’s health ministry said it had received 200,000 doses of China’s Sinopharm vaccine, the first shots to land in the country, Reuters reported.
China has also donated hundreds of thousands of Sinopharm photos to Zimbabwe, and the government has pledged to buy more than a million more.
Zimbabwe hopes to vaccinate 60 percent of its 14 million population, according to state media. said the health ministry more than 231,000 Zimbabweans had been vaccinated since Wednesday.

A top Chinese health official acknowledged over the weekend that China’s vaccines do not have very high efficacy rates and that Beijing is considering purchasing new types of vaccines based on mRNA technology – such as Pfizer and Moderna photos – an analysis on who did so was forced to give up after his comments were widely distributed on social media and international news sites.

The effectiveness of the Chinese vaccine Covid-19 is not high, admits the top health official

Samuel Matsikure, a resident of the Zimbabwean capital Harare, said he had heard many young people express skepticism about vaccines made in China.

“Many citizens are afraid to get vaccinated,” he told CNN. “They do not trust the Chinese vaccine – partly because they believe its effectiveness is low – and it is not as popular as other vaccines. So you find that young, healthy people don’t get vaccinated as much as older people, “Matsikure said.

Matsikure hopes Zimbabwe will buy more vaccines so that some of the strict coronavirus restrictions can be relaxed.

“Many Zimbabweans have suffered economically from the Covid blockade. Most Zimbabweans are in the informal sector … based on selling their products on the streets or in designated outlets. But all of this was closed during the blockades. Many are currently unemployed … crying for food aid and unable to pay their rents, “Matsikure told CNN.

The ramifications are similar for developing countries in Latin America and Asia, many of which rely heavily on AstraZeneca shot through the COVAX scheme and also have younger populations.

Brazil, for example, has already received more than 1 million doses of AstraZeneca through COVAX and, as cases increase, does not appear to be heading for limited use.

“Blood clots are worrisome,” said Sergio Litewka of the University of Miami Ethics Programs, which focuses its research on Latin America. But I don’t think the number of blood clots justifies stopping the use of the vaccine.

He said Latin American countries simply do not have enough other options to quit fires, such as AstraZeneca and J&J, and he believes that as a result, the hesitation of the vaccine in the region could increase.

“Denmark said no to AstraZeneca and there are other countries studying what they will do and it is the same with Johnson & Johnson,” he said. “But in Latin America, people have very few options. Some say I’d rather take risks, but some are more hesitant.”

CNN’s Christopher Johnson contributed to this report.

.Source