More than 283.5 million doses of coronavirus vaccine have been administered worldwide since Saturday morning, with nearly 60.6 million people receiving the full two-dose regimen. An increasing number of studies have provided additional data on the effectiveness of the vaccine in recent weeks. Israel has shown that the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine works in real conditions and as well as in clinical trials. The vaccine effectively prevents severe COVID-19, hospitalizations and deaths – even when facing the UK mutation. Researchers in the UK have reached similar conclusions, providing efficacy data for people who received only a single dose of either Pfizer or AstraZeneca / Oxford. Separately, studies have shown that COVID-19 survivors have the same immune response after a single dose, because people who have never had COVID-19 get two doses.
After almost three months of vaccinations in North America, Europe, Israel and other countries, it is also clear that side effects are minimal. The most common side effects include pain at the injection site and brief flu-like symptoms, especially after the second dose. But researchers have learned more about the side effects of the coronavirus vaccine in recent months. Now, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has just updated its vaccination guidelines with three side effects that people should be aware of.
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Just a few days ago, researchers warned people that a specific side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine could occur a few days after the first or second dose, rather than immediately: skin problems, including redness and rash. These side effects were seen after Moderna blows – especially after the first dose. They are not a cause for concern and tend to disappear on their own in a few days.
The CDC made some changes to the coronavirus vaccine guidelines on Friday, adding three new side effects to the list. The agency initially described six potential side effects. Two are local (pain and swelling), and four are systemic (fever, chills, fatigue, and headache), as seen below.
The new guidelines include nine possible side effects of the coronavirus vaccine. In addition to pain and swelling in the arm in which the shot is administered, people may also have redness. In terms of systemic reactions, the CDC added muscle pain and nausea to the list. Muscle pain should not be confused with pain at the injection site.
These reactions indicate that the immune system responds to the perceived threat – the vaccine – and develops immunity. Coronavirus antibodies should begin to appear about two weeks after the first shot, and maximum protection is obtained about two weeks after the second injection.
The guidelines also provide useful tips for treating side effects. “Talk to your doctor about taking over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, or antihistamines, for any pain and discomfort you may experience after the vaccination,” the guidelines read. “You can take these medicines to relieve post-vaccination side effects if you have no other medical reasons to stop taking these medicines normally.”
The CDC also reminds people that it is not recommended to take these medications before vaccination to prevent side effects.
After vaccination, people can use wet, cold cloths over the vaccine area to reduce pain and discomfort, and they can use or exercise the arm. Drinking plenty of fluids and wearing light clothing can help with any side effects that may occur. The CDC advises people to tell their doctors if these side effects do not go away after a few days. If redness or tenderness of the arm worsens after 24 hours, people should also consider contacting a doctor.
CDC information on the side effects of the coronavirus vaccine is available at this link.
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